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Neuroendocrine-Immune Surveillance of Osteosarcoma: Emerging Hypothesis

¹ Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, CHS 63-090, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668;
² Dental Research Institute, UCLA;
³ Psychoneuroimmunology Group, Inc.; and
⁴ Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy;

*corresponding author, Chiappelli{at}dent.ucla.edu

Osteosarcoma is a bone-forming cancer predominantly found in children and adolescents more often than in adults. Osteosarcoma of the gnathic apparatus is relatively rare in the young population, and this condition becomes a concern of clinical dentists for predominantly the middle-aged and aging patient groups. Osteosarcomas are invaded by lymphocytes, which exhibit signs of activation. The immune processes that are engaged within the malignant bone matrix involve the production of cytokines, which regulate the process of apoptotic programed cell death. This paper discusses the mechanisms by which apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells is modulated by the neuroendocrine-immune system, and potential physiological implications.

KEY WORDS: osteosarcoma • neuroendocrine-immune • apoptosis