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The in vivo Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 and -8 in Gingival Crevicular Fluid during Initial Orthodontic Tooth Movement

¹ Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, Biomedicum Helsinki (4th floor, C407b), POB 63, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;
² Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital (HUCH), Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, the Orton Research Institute and the Orthopedic Hospital of the Invalid Foundation, Helsinki, Finland; and
³ Department of Health, City of Helsinki, Finland;

*corresponding author, Satu.Apajalahti{at}Helsinki.fi

Orthodontic force induces biochemical responses in the periodontal ligament (PDL), but the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-dependent molecular mechanisms in orthodontically induced periodontal remodeling have remained unclear. Previous studies indicate that mechanical stress induces MMP-1 production in human PDL cells in vitro. We tested the hypothesis whether the in vivo levels, molecular forms, and degree of activation of MMP-1 and MMP-8 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) reflect an early stage of orthodontic tooth movement. Molecular forms of MMP-1 and MMP-8 were analyzed by Western blot, and MMP-8 levels by quantitative immunofluoro-metric assay (IFMA). The results showed that GCF MMP-8 levels for orthodontically treated teeth were significantly higher at 4-8 hrs after force application than before activation, and when compared with the control teeth (p < 0.05). Analysis of our data indicates that the cells within the periodontium are up-regulated to produce MMP-8, and the increased expression and activation of GCF MMP-8 reflect enhanced periodontal remodeling induced by orthodontic force.

KEY WORDS: matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) • gingival crevicular fluid • orthodontic force

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