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Influence of Post-deposition Heating Time and the Presence of Water Vapor on Sputter-coated Calcium Phosphate Crystallinity

¹ The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Biomaterials, MSC 7890, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900;
² Kyungpook National University, College of Dentistry and Institute of Biomaterials Research and Development, Department of Dental Biomaterials, 2-101 Dongin Dong, Jung-Gu, Daegu 700-422, Korea;
³ The University of Texas at San Antonio, College of Engineering, 6900 N. Loop 1604, San Antonio, TX 78249-0619; and
⁴ The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Center for Clinical Bioengineering, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Biomaterials, MSC 7890, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900;

*corresponding author, ong{at}uthscsa.edu

Extensive research suggested that calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings on titanium implants are essential for early bone response. However, the characterization of CaP crystallinity and the means to control coating crystallinity are not well-established. In this study, the effect of a 400°C heat treatment for 1, 2, or 4 hours, and in the presence or absence of water vapor, on CaP crystallinity was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy indicated dense as-sputtered coatings. Increase in coating crystallinity was observed to be consistent with the increasing number of PO₄ peaks observed as a result of different heat treatments. In addition, x-ray diffraction analyses indicated amorphous as-sputtered coatings, whereas crystalline CaP coatings in the range of 0-85% were observed after different post-deposition heat treatments. It was concluded that the presence of water vapor and post-deposition heat treatment time significantly affect the crystallinity of CaP coatings, which may ultimately affect bone healing.

KEY WORDS: calcium phosphate coating • heat treatment • x-ray diffraction • crystallinity • Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy