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Materials Design of Ceramic-based Layer Structures for Crowns

¹ Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8500;
² Department of Materials and Nuclear Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2115; and
³ University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Dental School, 110 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ 07103-2400;

*corresponding author, brian.lawn{at}nist.gov

Radial cracking has been identified as the primary mode of failure in all-ceramic crowns. This study investigates the hypothesis that critical loads for radial cracking in crown-like layers vary explicitly as the square of ceramic layer thickness. Experimental data from tests with spherical indenters on model flat laminates of selected dental ceramics bonded to clear polycarbonate bases (simulating crown/dentin structures) are presented. Damage initiation events are video-recorded in situ during applied loading, and critical loads are measured. The results demonstrate an increase in the resistance to radial cracking for zirconia relative to alumina and for alumina relative to porcelain. The study provides simple a priori predictions of failure in prospective ceramic/substrate bilayers and ranks ceramic materials for best clinical performance.

KEY WORDS: dental ceramics • elastic modulus • hardness • fracture • layer structures • material design • strength • toughness

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