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Improved Filler-Matrix Coupling in Resin Composites

¹ Department of Biomaterials, Okayama University Graduate Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan;
² Department of Operative Dentistry, Hiroshima University Faculty of Dentistry, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan;
³ Surface Science Laboratory, Toray Research Centre Inc., Sonoyama 3-3-7, Otsu, Shiga 520-8567, Japan;
⁴ Department of Biomaterials Science, Hiroshima University Faculty of Dentistry, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan;
⁵ Department of Oral Health Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita 13 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan; and
⁶ Leuven BIOMAT Research Cluster-Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oral Pathology and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Catholic University of Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium;

*corresponding author, bart.vanmeerbeek{at}med.kuleuven.ac.be

Ineffective silane coupling between filler and matrix within dental composites is prone to accelerated in vivo degradation. In this study, we examined to what degree a procedure involving chemical decontamination of filler prior to silanization could improve the filler-matrix bonding, and thus the physico-mechanical properties, of composites. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that filler-matrix coupling largely depended upon siloxane bridge (Si-O-Si) formation between the silica surface and the silane molecule, rather than on intermolecular bonding between adjacent silane molecules. Pre-silanization decontamination based upon boiling silica in 0.05-5% sodium peroxodisulfate, followed by ultrasonic rinsing in acetone, most effectively decontaminated filler. Consequently, it significantly improved the bonding of silane molecules to silanol groups at the silica surface. Experimental composites produced following pre-silanization decontamination of filler revealed a diametral tensile strength that was resistant to degradation by thermocycling.

KEY WORDS: silanization • filler • XPS • decontamination • resin composites