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Influence of Mastication on Gastric Emptying

¹ Cattedra di Protesi Dentaria, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biofisiche Mediche e Odontostomatologiche, School of Dentistry, Università di Genova, Dental Clinic Pad 4, Largo R. Benzi, 10-16132 GENOA, Italy;
² Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Oncologia Umana, Università di Torino;
³ Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Cattedra di Gastroenterologia, Università di Genova; and
⁴ Cattedra di Malattie Odontostomatologiche, Università di Foggia;

*corresponding author, p.pera{at}isiline.it

The role of mastication on digestion efficiency remains to be demonstrated. This study investigates whether masticatory function influences gastric emptying rate. Twelve normal volunteers were studied on two occasions after ingestion of the same test meal containing ham cubes, crackers, and egg (mixed with ¹³C-octanoic acid), chewed, in random order, either with 50 masticatory cycles or with 25 cycles, swallowing ham cubes whole. Lag phase (T_lag) and gastric half-emptying time (T) were measured by means of the ¹³C-octanoic acid breath test. Trituration performance was assessed by the sieve test, and was expressed as the percentage of ham particles 1 mm after 50 masticatory cycles. T_lag and T were significantly shorter when the meal was chewed with 50 cycles than with 25 cycles (T_lag 25.9 ± 3.8 vs. 36.4 ± 4.1 min, p = 0.017; T 49.1 ± 5.7 vs. 62.5 ± 6 min, p = 0.009). Trituration performance was inversely related to both T_lag (r = 0.621, p = 0.031) and T (r = 0.699, p = 0.012). Comminution of food influences significantly gastric emptying rates.

KEY WORDS: chewing • digestion • trituration

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