Journal of Dental Research, Vol 75, 841-844, Copyright © 1996 by International & American Associations for Dental Research Online Journals
On being a scientist in a rapidly changing world
I. D. Mandel
Columbia University, School of Dental and Oral Surgery, New York, New York 10032, USA.
The practice of biological science has changed dramatically since
mid-century, reshaped not only by a rapid series of landmark discoveries,
but also by governmental directives, institutional policies, and public
attitudes. Until 1964, the major influences were the mentor, who provided
direction and indoctrination into the culture of science, and in dentistry,
the newly established NIDR, which fueled the research engine with an
expanding research and training program. The 1965-74 period witnessed the
advent of the Institutional Review Board, an increased social involvement
of biological scientists, and a recognition of the need for biological and
physical safeguards in the conduct of research. The most turbulent years
were 1975-89, when there was a confluence of animal rights activism and
regulation, growing concerns with scientific fraud and publication
malpractice, and the stresses and strains (and opportunities) resulting
from the rapid expansion of the academic-industrial complex. The current
period is characterized by rapid pace, high volume, and an increased depth
and breadth of knowledge-a major change in scale in the conduct of science.
It is an exciting time but one in which ethical issues are multiplying.
Attention must be paid.
