Journal of Dental Research, Vol 66, 989-995, Copyright © 1987 by International & American Associations for Dental Research Online Journals

ARTICLES

Bacteriology of human gingivitis

L. V. Moore, W. E. Moore, E. P. Cato, R. M. Smibert, J. A. Burmeister, A. M. Best and R. R. Ranney

The subgingival bacterial floras of naturally occurring gingivitis in adults and children were characterized and compared with the floras of other periodontal conditions previously studied. The composition of the gingivitis floras was found to be distinct from that of floras associated with health or with moderate, severe, or juvenile periodontitis. There were no major differences between the floras of naturally-occurring gingivitis and the floras of the human experimental gingivitis model. Data indicated that the flora of healthy sites within a mouth is influenced by the number of inflamed sites, which argues against independence of sites bacteriologically. Proportions of ten bacterial species increased in both gingivitis and periodontitis, as compared with health, in both adults and children. These species were found in both affected and unaffected sites of people with gingivitis. The numbers of five other cultivable species and the "large treponeme", which was not cultivated, increased in gingivitis and periodontitis of adults only. Significant differences in non-spirochetal floras between children and adults were not found, although they were in the experimental gingivitis model studied previously. Cultivable spirochetes did differ between children and adults. Children had fewer samples positive for spirochetes, and children's positive samples contained greater proportions of T. socranskii subsp. paredis. Some species that predominate in periodontitis, but which are absent from healthy gingivae, were found as a small percentage of the flora in gingivitis. This suggests that increased serum and blood in the gingival crevice encourage species that relate to periodontitis.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				F. Dalwai, D. A. Spratt, and J. Pratten Use of Quantitative PCR and Culture Methods To Characterize Ecological Flux in Bacterial Biofilms J. Clin. Microbiol., September 1, 2007; 45(9): 3072 - 3076. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				U. Skaleric, B. Gaspirc, N. McCartney-Francis, A. Masera, and S. M. Wahl Proinflammatory and Antimicrobial Nitric Oxide in Gingival Fluid of Diabetic Patients with Periodontal Disease Infect. Immun., December 1, 2006; 74(12): 7010 - 7013. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. H. Fine, D. Furgang, K. Markowitz, P. K. Sreenivasan, K. Klimpel, and W. De Vizio The antimicrobial effect of a triclosan/copolymer dentifrice on oral microorganisms in vivo. J Am Dent Assoc, October 1, 2006; 137(10): 1406 - 1413. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Dalwai, D. A. Spratt, and J. Pratten Modeling shifts in microbial populations associated with health or disease. Appl. Envir. Microbiol., May 1, 2006; 72(5): 3678 - 3684. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. P. Gafan, V. S. Lucas, G. J. Roberts, A. Petrie, M. Wilson, and D. A. Spratt Statistical Analyses of Complex Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis Profiles J. Clin. Microbiol., August 1, 2005; 43(8): 3971 - 3978. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. S. Istivan, P. J. Coloe, B. N. Fry, P. Ward, and S. C. Smith Characterization of a haemolytic phospholipase A2 activity in clinical isolates of Campylobacter concisus J. Med. Microbiol., June 1, 2004; 53(6): 483 - 493. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. P. Riggio and A. Lennon Identification of Oral Peptostreptococcus Isolates by PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of 16S rRNA Genes J. Clin. Microbiol., September 1, 2003; 41(9): 4475 - 4479. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. W. Smalley, J. Silver, A. J. Birss, R. Withnall, and P. J. Titler The haem pigment of the oral anaerobes Prevotella nigrescens and Prevotella intermedia is composed of iron(III) protoporphyrin IX in the monomeric form Microbiology, July 1, 2003; 149(7): 1711 - 1718. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M.P. Riggio and A. Lennon Specific PCR detection of Peptostreptococcus magnus J. Med. Microbiol., April 1, 2003; 52(4): 309 - 313. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M.P. RIGGIO and A. LENNON Development of a PCR assay specific for Peptostreptococcus anaerobius J. Med. Microbiol., December 1, 2002; 51(12): 1097 - 1101. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Gmur and T. Thurnheer Direct quantitative differentiation between Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens in clinical specimens Microbiology, May 1, 2002; 148(5): 1379 - 1387. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Takahashi, T. Sato, and T. Yamada Metabolic Pathways for Cytotoxic End Product Formation from Glutamate- and Aspartate-Containing Peptides by Porphyromonas gingivalis J. Bacteriol., September 1, 2000; 182(17): 4704 - 4710. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				H. Marcotte and M. C. Lavoie Oral Microbial Ecology and the Role of Salivary Immunoglobulin A Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., March 1, 1998; 62(1): 71 - 109. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. A. Murdoch Gram-Positive Anaerobic Cocci Clin. Microbiol. Rev., January 1, 1998; 11(1): 81 - 120. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J Matto, M Saarela, S Alaluusua, V Oja, H Jousimies-Somer, and S Asikainen Detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis from saliva by PCR by using a simple sample-processing method [In Process Citation] J. Clin. Microbiol., January 1, 1998; 36(1): 157 - 160. [Abstract] [Full Text]