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J Dent Res 44(1): 33-41, 1965
© 1965 International and American Associations for Dental Research
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Correlation of Bone Resorption and Formation with the Physical Behavior of Loaded Bone

B. N. EPKER 1 and H. M. FROST 1

1 University of Detroit School of Dentistry and Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan

An analysis was done of the relationship between physical loads on bones and the regulation of drifts caused by osteoblastic and osteoclastic cell activities at bone surfaces. Physical analogues, diagrams of known features of bone and of known patterns of cellular activity were the basis of the analysis. It was found that load induced changes in curvature of the surfaces of bones correlated consistently with known patterns of bone resorption and formation. Tension and compression stresses and strains each failed to correlate. The features considered in the analysis included the loads, the three principal stresses and strains, surface curvature, and the direction of each with respect to bone surfaces. On the basis of the analysis, it is postulated that strain generally is a major biomechanical factor which influences cell behavior patterns in live bone. It is postulated specifically that when a bone surface becomes less concave as an external load is applied, net loss of bone appears at that surface as the result of osteoclastic activity. When a bone surface becomes more concave while an external load is applied, net increase in bone appears at that surface as a result of osteoblastic activity. An electrical voltage is known to be generated at the surfaces of bones that are deformed by bending and may be associated with a biological signal that is created at these surfaces. This signal may be the agency responsible for the correlation reported here.

Submitted on September 30, 1963




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