ERRORS AND CHANGES

In No. 4 of Volume III, and in Nos. 1, 2, and 3 of this Volume, with an Addendum to a Discussion in No. 4 of this Volume

A copy of at least one printer's (galley) proof is presented to each author of a paper published in this Journal. Occasionally, type-written copies are also submitted to authors, for verifications of editorial revisions, before the manuscripts are forwarded to the printer. Frequently, besides, a second (paged) printer's proof is sent to authors, to afford further opportunity for the detection and correction of mistakes.

Shortly after the publication of the successive issues of this Journal, we send to each author concerned a copy of his paper, or discussion, and of the corresponding "contents" abstract (taken from a finished copy of the number), with the request that a careful examination be made for the detection and formal correction of any errors that might have appeared. Special effort is made, by the editorial and publication offices, to prevent the occurrence of typographical and other errors but, of course, occasional oversights are inevitable. We desire, however, publicly and formally to correct errors when they occur, and to afford authors opportunity promptly to record revisions, in order that this Journal may attain the highest possible realization of the ideal of perfect accuracy in every statement published on its pages.

We summarize, below, the only corrections and revisions that have been reported to us by the authors of the contents of no. 4 of Vol. III and of nos. 1, 2, and 3 of this volume.¹

VOLUME III, NUMBER 4

Book review by Kurt H. Thoma

Page (42) of the introductory section for the volume. Sixth line (bottom); "that" should be the histology. Second and third lines (bottom); change "that is generally exhibited in other relations throughout the book" to which has been characteristic of the author throughout his book.

Paper by Thaddeus P. Hyatt

Page 380, ninth line (bottom); after "no" add and "fair."

Paper by Joseph H. Kauffman

Page 391, tenth line (top); "parentl" should be parental.

Paper by M. M. Bluhm

Page cvi, twentieth line (bottom); change "this remark does" to these remarks do.

Page cvii. Eighth line (bottom); strike out "heedless." First line (bottom); insert the between "with" and "necessary."

Discussion of papers by Bluhm and Riblet

Page cxvi (Copeland). Fourth line (top); change "crime" to mistake, not likely to be made. Sixteenth line (top); "seven" should be seventeen. Twelfth line (bottom); "company" should be companies. Eleventh line (bottom); insert disease between "of" and "prevention."

Page cxviii (Gorton). Fifth line (top); after "seventy million dollars" add ($73,341,152). Tenth line (top); "the teaching of hygiene, and two-minute drills in marching," etc., should read: the teaching of hygiene, two-minute drills, and in marching, etc.

Page cxxii (Bluhm), first line (bottom); insert nearly between "in" and "every."

Paper by Harry Jerome Baker

Page cxxxvii, third paragraph; "Article II" should be Article IX.

Page cxxxix, ninth line (bottom); insert, after "amounts," the following new sentence: Zinc, in an alloy, exerts certain desirable influences during the process of manufacture, and is thought to improve the keeping qualities of the alloy—acts as a stabilizer, if you please.

Page cxliii, fourteenth line (top); insert Olsen between "kgm." and "testing."

Page cxlv. Fifteenth line (top); "action" should be reaction. Twenty-secondline (top); "proper" should be mechanical.

Page cxlvii. Fifth line (top); "develops" should be approaches. Tenth line (top); "stopping" should be stepping.

VOLUME IV, NUMBERS 1, 2 AND 3

Questionnaire, by Elmer S. Best (Parts I, II, and III)

General note. Dr. Emerson R. Sausser ("36") is the author of the previously unidentified answers on pages 13, 19, 25 (second), 31 (second), 36 (third), 40 (second), 44, 54, 56, 64 (first), 66, 71 (first), 84, 82 (second), 93 (second), 102, 137, 140, 144 (second), 151 (second), 155 and 160. Authorship of the few remaining unidentified answers has not yet been determined in any instance.

Page 6, secion 1, first line (top); after "first" insert after removing decay.

Page 8, section 12, seventh line (top); change "this" to the renewed.

Page 9. Section 14; for the concluding sentence substitute: If the child is healthy and the first permanent molars are not fully erupted, devitalize, treat and fill. Section 16, second line (top); for "continue" substitute remain. Section 16; change the concluding sentence to read: If the pulp is exposed and not decomposed, I would remove the pulp.

Page 11, section 32, third line (top); change "(without medicine)" to sterilize with warm alcohol.

Page 12, section 45, fourth line (top); change "oxychloride" to oxysulphate.

Page 18, section 32, last line; insert paraffin moistened with between "with" and "Balsam."

Page 23, section 23, second line (bottom); change "(Burch and Inglis)" to (Burchard-Inglis).

Page 27. Section 10, first line (top); begin the sentence with the new phrase: If exposed by decay, "extirpate," etc. Add to section 10 the following new sentence: If exposed by trauma, cap the pulp when pulpitis is not a factor; otherwise, treat as above. Section 12, first line (top); eliminate "I".

Page 28. Section 16, last line; and in the root canal. Section 18, fourth line (top); eliminate "and" at the end of the line.

Page 36. Section 42, second line (bottom); "decalcified" should be recalcified. Section 45, third line (top); "oxychloride" should be oxysulphate.

Page 37, section 12; change the concluding phrase of the first sentence to read: except in unusual cases, and always in adult life. From the second sentense eliminate "I believe."

Page 39, section 41, third line (bottom); change "steady" to cleanly.

Page 41, section 1; change the concluding phrase of the last sentence to read: thus destroying normal occlusion.

Page 46, section 32; change the section to read: It depends upon the age of the patient.

Page 49, section 11, first line; "decays" should be decay.

Page 50, section 21. Sixth line (top); "constitutional" should be focal. Last line; eliminate "constitutional."

Page 55, section 1; the section should read: Trauma, ignorance and poverty.

Page 57, section 1. Sixth line (top); change "nerves" to pulps. Seventh line (top); strike out "best."

Page 59, section 12; change the last sentence to read: It should not be attempted where the pulp is obviously infected.

Page 63, section 38, third line (top); between "dentine" and "which" insert as that.

Page 65, section 33; the first line should read: Begin prophylaxis for patients as soon as they are old enough.

Page 66, section 1. Change the first five sentences to read: I keep an oral hygienist in my office, and insist on giving all my patients prophylactic treatment at least once a month. Thirteenth line (top); strike out "my" before "attention."

Page 72, section 12; change "defined" to evident.

Page 77, section 17. Fourth line (top); change "nerve" to pulp. Change the last two lines to read: the foci should be sought in other regions of the body, namely, the tonsils, accessory sinuses, gall-bladder, appendix, colon, and genito-urinary tract.

Page 78, section 18, last line; change "matter" to factor.

Page 81, section 39. Third line (top); after "attactk," insert on one side. Fourth line (top); after "resistance," insert on the other. Last line; change "but" to nevertheless, and "an" to the.

Page 82, section 41, seventh line (top); change "sense" to sign.

Page 83, section 1. Strike out the first sentence. To the last sentence add in many cases.

Page 85, section 10. Ninth, tenth and eleventh lines (top). Strike out the sentence beginning, "The root filling", etc., and substitute the following: The root filling should contain an antiseptic, and should be confined to the control. To the last sentence add: until restoration of the lamina dura is demonstrated in a radiogram.

Page 86, section 17, second line (top); strike out "through."

Page 87, section 18, fifth line (top); "invested" should be investing.

Page 91, section 38, last line; change "are not" to may not be.

Page 92, section 45, eighth line (top); after "minutes" introduce this new sentence: I also use churchill's tincture of iodine as an ionizing agent, after the method of Johnston (see page 109).

Page 95, section 10, first line (top); change "near death" to very sick.

Page 96, section 17; change the next to the last sentence to read: A tooth that is subjected to traumatic occlusion, or one that has undergone a root-canal operation, or even existensive operative work on the crown, will, in a majority of causes, show radiographically an increased width of perice-mental line.

Page 99, section 33, last line; change "rings up' thousands" to brings up scores.

Page 101, section 39, second line (top); change "and" to or.

Page 133. Section 8; change the section to read: Unless there be some tangible evidence indicating that the tooth is infected, I should not extract such a tooth until every other possible source of infection were excluded. Whenever there is a question concerning the perfection of root sterilization and filling, such teeth should by all means be re-opened, propperly treated, and filled. Section 9; change the last two lines after "systemic symptoms" to read: but often, when such a tooth has been sacrificed, the symptoms do not disappear, and the result is nil.

Page 134, section 14, second line (top); change "place amalgam" to if indicated, placing an amalgam filling.

Page 135, section 20; change the section to read: I should make every effort to put the tooth in a permanently healthy state, but I should not wish to use it as a support for a large reconstruction unless the symptoms of focal infection had disappeared. If the symptoms persisted, and the cause could not be found elsewhere, I should prefer to extract the tooth and make the best reconstruction possible under the circumstances.

Page 136. Section 30, second line; change "in such a case, provided" to particularly, if. Section 32, last line; change "an" to a possible.

Page 138, section 17; change the section to read: With no clinical or radiographic evidence of disease, the tooth should be left undisturbed. Nature has a way of taking care of the apical thirds of unfilled canals.

Page 139, section 20; change "going" to opening.

Page 140, section 33; to the last sentence add: except by opening into the tooth.

Page 141, section 11, first and second lines (top); change "remove" to treat.

Page 142, section 17; change the section to read: No. Unless there is clinical or radiographic evidence of disease, non-vital teeth should be retained and used.

Page 146, section 11, first line (top); change "small" to large.

Page 147, section 21; change the first sentence to read: Yes; bicuspids and six anterior teeth.

Page 149, section 38, second line (bottom); change "usually" to often.

Page 151, section 45, first line (top); after "solution" insert or Churchill's tincture of iodine.

Page 154. Section 30; strike out the second sentence. Section 37, fourth line (top); change "a dento-alveolarly" to an.

Page 155, section 45, fourth line (top); change "leukocytopenia" to leukopenia.

Page 160. Section 45, second line (top); "curets" should be curettes. Section (?), last line; eliminate "outer."

Page 163. Section 24; change the section to read: Impacted and unerupted teeth should be extracted only when the patient is suffering either from local mechanical or inflammatory disturbances, or from reflex pain, or other more or less remote nervous phenomena. Section 36; add in a majority of cases.

Page 164, section 38, first line; change "extract" to advise extraction.

Page 165, section 11, last line; change "in such cases" to in cases of dead cementum, following root amputation.

Page 168, section 36. Second line (top); change "operation" to attempt. Fourth line (top); change "should" to could.

Page 169. Section 8; change the section to read: It is justifiable only when such an operation is made imperative to retain a tooth of strategic importance to the esthetic appearance and physiologic function of the mouth, and then only when there are no distinctly contraindicatory conditions, such as systemic disturbances of infective type, inaccessible root canals, presence of pyorrheal infection, or general oral sepsis, etc. Section 10; for the first sentence substitute the following: It is assumed that this question refers to non-infected pulps. Section 10; after "expedient," on the eigth line, introduce the following new sentence: Pulps exposed by traumatic causes, or by operative interference (to an extent which contraindicates pulp-capping), should be extirpated.

Page 170, section 17; change the section to read: The x-ray has proven that root-canal filling is a doubtful procedure. Only single-rooted teeth—the six anteriors—should be given such treatment.

Page 173. Section 8; for "and" substitute of such a tooth and the. Section 14; change the section to read: We believe the infected region should be curetted after extraction if the region is large, but not if it is small. In case the granuloma comes away with the tooth, the infected region should be explored; and, if there is no necrotic tissue, it should be left undisturbed.

Page 174, section 18, sixth line (top); change "on" to as to.

Page 179. Section 11, first word; change "extract" to treat. Section 12; eliminate "I should."

Page 181, section 17. Fourth line (top); eliminate all words in the sentence after "retained." The last word; should be apices instead of "apex."

Page 183, section 30, first line (top); change "removed" to remedied.

Page 185, section 36, third line (top); "inaccessible" should be accessible.

Page 186, section 45. Tenth line (top); between "forkholder" and "so," insert the number of milliamperes forced through the tube, and the number of seconds of exposure. Fourteenth line (top); change "encapsulate" to fill to the end.

Page 188, section 17; strike out the last sentence.

Page 189, section 38, last line; strike out "extremely."

Page 190, section 3; change the last line to read: increase masticatory efficiency about one hundred per cent, before I would.

Page 191, section 8; change the section to read: Yes, provided there was a reasonable chance of doing a successful root filling. If, on the other hand, the teeth under consideration had roots which were not fully formed, or which were crooked, such a procedure would be extremely questionable. The lateral incisor and upper first bicuspid are two teeth known to have the highest percentage of failures, when root-canal fillings have been attempted, of any teeth in the mouth. The mesial root of the upper first molar is often inclined distally to such an extent that a root-canal filling is not possible beyond the point of inclination. The use of this tooth in such cases would also be questionable (Ward).

Page 195. Section 13; the last word should be operating. Section 16; strike out the entire section. Section 17, fourth line (top); "they have" should be such has. Section 17, fifth line (top); strike out "successfully. Again."

Page 200, section 14; change the section to read: We do not have sufficient data on the subject.

Page 203, section 4, last line; "wet cold" should be cold wet.

Page 204, section 17, second line (top); change "left as it is" to given root-canal therapy as indicated.

Page 208, section 17, third line (top); strike out the second "(b)."

Page 211, section 36, last line; strike out "if I can."

Page 229, section 3; change the section to read: No. If non-vital tissue is not removed, it will in all probability become infected eventually; but nature will not attempt, at least for many years, to throw off the tooth, unless it is affected by pyorrhea alveolaris.

Page 230; section 15; change the second sentence to read: Nature will not throw it off so long as the root membrane is healthy.

Page 234, section 8; change the first sentence to read: Through the canal in favorable incipient cases, and never when there is considerable involvement of the periodontal membrane.

Page 239, section 23; add to the last sentence: of our money to find out; and, if we wish, the million is easy to get.

Page 242, section 16; strike out the section.

Page 244, section 35, second line (top); change "on a buccal or lingual side" to at a foramen situated even slightly to lingual or buccal.

Page 248, section 18; change the second and third sentences to read: I can conceive, however, of a misplaced band being so far root-wise that it would set up an inflammatory process that would result in devitalization of the pulp. Traumatism, as a rule, is the cause of death of pulps in work of this kind. Traumatism that results in interference with circulation about the apex of the tooth produces a stasis or sluggish circulation, and finally an obstruction.

Page 252, section 35, first and second lines (top); change "as much as possible (sterilized)" to (sterilized as much as possible).

Page 255, section 18, sixth line (top); change "for" to in the case of.

Page 256, section 21, last line; change "and" to or.

Page 257, section 36, second line (bottom); change "was made" to becomes.

Page 259, section 17; change the section to read: Saliva should not be allowed to contaminate a prepared cavity. If immediate filling is not done, the cavity should be sealed with a temporary cement.

Page 261, section 39; add to the first sentence the following: not because saliva per se is septic, for the reverse is true, but because of the presence of microörganisms in normal (even in so-called healthy) mouths.

Page 262. Section 8; change the section to read: Yes, as demonstrated by Rickert and Lyons (Journ. Nat. Dent. Assoc., 1922, pp. 300, 690; Dental Cosmos, 1922, p. 1170). Section 17; strike out the concluding sentence.

Page 263. Section 35, fourth line (top); change "or" to and. Section 41; remove "do not" from the last sentence.

Page 265, section 23, first line (top); change "bone" to horn.

Page 266, section 35, last line; add or anywhere else along its root.

Page 269, section 8; change the section to read: My opinion is that the periapical or pulpal tissues are most frequently infected by blood-borne organisms that infiltrate from the gingival areas of the tooth affected, or of teeth adjacent to it, although they arise less frequently from general metastasis.

Page 270, section 16. Second line (top); change "in" to of. Concluding sentence; remove all of it.

Page 273, section 35; change the section to read: (a, b) The most frequent and usual cause of apical infection is "through the canal." (c) Sometimes, not often, the cause may be "the presence of infected dentine," usually resulting from (a) or (b). (d) Conveyance by the blood stream is very seldom the cause—if there is apical infection and a vital pulp, it may be. This is very rare, unless there is intense infection near by, and lowered resistance at the infected spot. (e) Of course, there may be a combination of causes. A blow, a strong jar, or occlusal trauma, sometimes causes pulp death under sound dentine and enamel. (f) Infection carried by the blood stream is an unusual cause for an apical abscess. Usually, such an abscess is caused by bacteria from the root canal of a pulpless tooth. However, the ratio of vulnerability and of resistance, plus (e), determines the localization of bacteria from the blood stream. Above all, those pulpless teeth are least apt to be infected whose root-canal ends and foramina are rendered non-septic.

Page 275, section 9; "insolation" should be insulation.

Page 276, section 23, last line; after "originally" add: or the pulps have died from causes not dependent upon the filling itself.

Page 277. Section 23, first word; "caviticide" should be cavitine. Section 35; change the section to read: Silicate cements carry the blame belonging to infected dentine left beneath them; or, a false sense of security, prompted by their being non-metallic, leads to their placement too close to the pulp without interposition of a suitable intermediate.

Page 278. Section 38, first line; change "frequency" to proportion. Bottom of page; add a new section to read: (8) I do not take such a stand.

Page 282, section 32; strike out the concluding phrase: "but it is of great value."

Page 285, section 32; strike out the concluding phrase: "hundreds of times probably."

Page 288, section 35; change the first sentence to read: Providing abutments do not have apical or peripheral foci, pulpless teeth may carry extensive restorations.

Page 289, section 8; strike out "each."

Page 293, section 33; change the first line to read: If it did not make the span of the bridge too wide.

Page 294, section 39, first line (top); insert clinical between "the" and "history."

Paper by Josef Novitzky

Page 325, ninth line (bottom); "irritans" should be irritant.

Paper by H. Carlton Smith

Page x, fourth line (bottom); "separates" should be precipitates.

Paper by E. V. McCollum

Page xxxvii, fifth line (bottom); insert many of between "in" and "our."

Page xxxviii, fourth line (top); for "will probably be named vitamin D" substitute should perhaps be named vitamin D, but this term has been appropriated by Dr. Funk to designate a substance which stimulates the growth of yeast.

Page xxxix, fourteenth line (top); insert solely between "subsisting" and "on."

Page xliv. Seventh line (top); "a pot herb" should be pot herbs. Tenth line (top); change "dishes" to foods, as custards.

Discussion of the paper by McCollum

Page xlvi (Wile), fourteenth line (bottom); "sick" should be sound.

Paper by L. Pierce Anthony et al

Page lxvii, third line (top); between "to" and "radiant" insert the various forms of.