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J Dent Res 33(6): 741-750, 1954
© 1954 International and American Associations for Dental Research
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CRYSTALLOGRAPHY OF DENTAL CALCULUS AND THE PRECIPITATION OF CERTAIN CALCIUM PHOSPHATES

AKSEL TOVBORG JENSEN 1 and MARIANNE DANØ 1

1 Royal Veterinary and Agricultural College, Copenhagen, Denmark

Fifty-two samples of dental calculus were examined by x-ray crystallography. They consist almost exclusively of mixtures of 3 calcium phosphates—colloidal apatite, colloidal whitlockite (somewhat less dispersed than the apatite), and macrocrystalline brushite.

Apatite was found in all samples. The otherwise very rare whitlockite was found in 41 of 52 specimens, a higher frequency of whitlockite than that found in calculi from the salivary glands. This substantiates the hypothesis put forward by the authors, that there is present in saliva a factor which impedes the precipitation of apatite. Brushite was found in 7 samples of 21 in calculus from the mandibular anterior teeth but not in other regions of the mouth. A recalculation of Schmidt-Nielsen's analyses9 of saliva from 19 students showed that their mandibular saliva had been supersaturated with brushite in all cases but three, while their parotid saliva had been unsaturated in all cases but one. Corrosion products of amalgam fillings were found in 2 calculus samples. The composition of these corroded fillings was compared with that of a freshly prepared filling. The comparison seems to indicate that Ag3Sn "alloy" in the oral cavity dissolves faster than the other phases present in set amalgams. The corroded surface and the underlying intact filling from the same tooth should, however, be investigated in order to give a final answer to the question of corrosion velocity of different phases in amalgam fillings.

Five of the samples contained small amounts of a crystalline compound which is almost certain to be calcium oxalate-monohydrate. Three of the 5 samples contained minute quantities of another compound, so far not identified.

Submitted on April 29, 1953
Revised on May 5, 1954




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