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J Dent Res 29(4): 448-462, 1950
© 1950 International and American Associations for Dental Research
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MASTICATORY PERFORMANCE AND EFFICIENCY

R. S. MANLY 1 and LOUISE C. BRALEY 1

1 Laboratory for Oral Physiology, Tufts College Dental School, Boston, Mass.

A method has been devised for measuring masticatory performance and efficiency. The masticatory performance was based on the percentage of masticated peanuts which would pass through a 10-mesh screen after being subjected to 20 masticatory strokes. Efficiency was calculated from the number of chews required to reach a desired degree of food pulverization. The performance was found to be independent of the size of mouthful as long as the number of chews was kept constant, and the chewing performance of uninstructed subjects approached that obtained when mastication was confined to their best half dentition.

The particle size distribution has been determined for masticated peanuts which had been chewed for 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 strokes, by each of ten subjects. The distribution was linear for food chewed five times when the data were plotted in a special manner. This indicated that the grinding was random in nature. As mastication proceeded, the process gradually became selective, with the larger particles disappearing more rapidly than would be expected on the basis of random grinding.

The percentage of masticated peanuts passing the 10-mesh screen was proportional to the number of chews when the data were plotted on logarithmic probability paper. This formed the basis for calculating the number of masticatory strokes required to produce a standard degree of pulverization, and from this, masticatory efficiency.

The average performance of twenty-five cases with complete dentitions was 88 per cent. Fifty half dentitions lacking the third molar averaged 78 per cent. Twenty-five half dentitions which possess two premolars and one molar in occlusion had a mean performance of 55 per cent, and thirty denture cases averaged 35 per cent. The efficiencies of the four groups are tentatively calculated to be 166, 100, 44, and 23 per cent, respectively.

Submitted on November 16, 1949




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