Figure 1. Immunolocalization of cytokines in gingival tissue. In healthy control samples, IL-1ß (A), TNF- (B), and IL-17 (C) immunoreactive cells were less frequent (***p < 0.001) compared with cells in persons with periodontitis (D,E,F). IL-1ß, TNF-, and IL-17 immunopositive cells in persons with periodontitis vs. healthy control individuals were 1726 ± 81 vs. 344 ± 20, 1594 ± 147 vs. 411 ± 17, and 162 ± 21 vs. 26 ± 2, respectively. The inserted figures are magnified 3x from original arrowed area. Scale bar = 100 µm. The histograms demonstrate the number of IL-1ß-, TNF--, and IL-17-positive cells in controls and periodontitis.