Figure 2. IL-1ß neutralizing antibodies block the induction of TF activity. PBMC (10⁶/mL) were challenged with live S. mutans (10⁷/mL) for 4 hrs. Supernatant fluids (SF control) were then harvested and filtered with 0.2 µ to remove bacteria. Endothelial TF activity induced by SF control in the presence of neutralizing antibodies (anti-IL-1, anti-IL-1ß, anti-IL1-ra, anti-TNF-) was measured with the factor Xa assay (mU/mL). Supernatant fluids from LPS-challenged (100 ng/mL) PBMC cultures were included as a positive control. Data from 4 independent experiments were analyzed with a mixed ANOVA. Controls with rIL-1ß (10 ng/mL) induced comparable factor Xa activity (5–15 mU/mL). *Significantly lower factor Xa titer than SF control by Tukey’s HSD (p < 0.05). The vertical bars represent standard errors.