Figure 1. Effect of treating macrophages with fraction 1 (non-dialyzable material of cranberry juice), fraction 2 (cranberry juice), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on the secretion of IL-6 (A), TNF- (B), and IL-1ß (C) induced by LPS (1 µg/mL) of A. actinomycetemcomitans ATCC 29522 for 24 hrs. Macrophages were treated with cranberry fractions, or EGCG, for 2 hrs prior to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation. Cytokine secretion was assessed by ELISA. The data are the means ± standard deviations of triplicate assays for three independent experiments. *P value of < 0.05 compared with untreated control.