Figure 2. FE-SEM micrographs of bonded interfaces in Xeno III showing presence of silver grains, a manifestation of nanoleakage. The electric-impulse-assisted application technique (a) revealed small clusters of silver grains with a diameter of 3–6 µm within the hybrid layer (pointers); dentin (D), hybrid layer (H), adhesive (A), and composite (C). Conversely, with the control application technique (b), nanoleakage was extensively distributed along the interfaces, with major clusters occurring at the tubule orifices. The insert (B) depicts a back-scattered image of the same area, confirming the elemental composition of the deposits. A high-magnification view, showing the nanoleakage expression of Xeno III associated with the use of the electric-current-assisted application technique (c), and control (d), showing a preferential distribution of aggregates of silver grains along exposed collagen fibrils. Dentin (D), adhesive (A), composite (C).